In order to exert the reservoir pressure condition in core flooding experiments a back pressure regulator is used. It consists of two chambers separated by a piston with a needle connected to it on the lower side. The upper chamber receives the gas dome pressure and the lower chamber the process pressure. The BPR acts as a comparator. When the dome pressure is higher than the process pressure, the needle seals off the pressure and maintains the pressure. Inversely, when the process pressure exceeds the dome pressure, the needle opens up and the excess process fluid flows out.
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